South Sudan postpones December election by two years

Government says it needs more time to complete a census, draft a permanent constitution and register political parties.

Source: Source: South Sudan’s government Published On 14 Sep 202414 Sep 2024

South Sudan’s government has announced it is postponing long-delayed general elections until December 2026, citing a lack of preparedness.

This is the second time the country, which gained independence in 2011, is postponing elections and extending a transitional period that started in February 2020.

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South Sudan on the brink after oil exports derailed by Sudan’s civil war

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What’s behind the renewed violence on South Sudan’s border with Sudan?

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Dozens killed as violence flares in region disputed by Sudan, South Sudan

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President Salva Kiir and his former rival turned deputy, Riek Machar, signed a peace agreement in 2018 that ended a five-year civil war which killed an estimated 400,000 people, triggered a famine and led to a massive refugee crisis.

“The presidency, under the chairmanship of President Salva Kiir Mayardit, has announced an extension of the country’s transitional period by two years as well as postponing elections, which were initially scheduled for December 2024 to December 22nd, 2026,” Kiir’s office said on Friday.

The government said it needed more time to complete processes such as a census, the drafting of a permanent constitution and the registration of political parties before an election could be held, according to the presidential adviser on national security, Tut Gatluak.

Cabinet Affairs Minister Martin Elia Lomuro said the extension followed recommendations from both electoral institutions and the security sector.

Sudan army chief Burhan seeks political legitimacy on the back of damaging war

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Monday September 16, 2024
Source: EastAfrican, By MAWAHIB ABDALLATIF

Sudan’s army chief Abdel Fattah al-Burhan (L) arrives at Beijing Capital International Airport before the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (Focac) Summit in Beijing, China on September 3, 2024. PHOTO | REUTERS

Sudan’s military leader Abdel Fattah al-Burhan is seeing September, again, as a lucky month to market himself to the global audience as the legitimate leader of his country. It comes even as the ongoing war churns out a king-size humanitarian crisis.

Last week, Burhan travelled to Beijing where he met with President Xi Jinping.

The occasion was the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (Focac) where dozens of African leaders including Ethiopia’s Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and Kenya’s President William Ruto gathered.

But it was a personal triumph for a man who was forced to relocate from the country’s capital Khartoum to Port Sudan, from where he has tried to defend his fort.

Beijing, discussions with Xi didn’t amount to much but a photo of him and China’s assurances on Sudan sovereignty were significant.

China is ready to work with Sudan to promote the steady development of their strategic partnership, Xi said, according to an official dispatch from Beijing. Xi said China supports Sudan in “safeguarding national sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity, and hopes Sudan will restore peace and stability at an early date.”

One more important statement was that China will continue “to uphold justice for Sudan on multilateral occasions and strive for a sound external environment for the political settlement of the Sudanese issue.”

With China, one of the five permanent members of the United Nations (UN) Security Council, it means Burhan has two on his side, with Russia having already backed him. Both China and Russia have defended Sudan in UN forums, even in the face of Western criticism.

Indeed, some diplomatic sources in Khartoum indicated hope that Burhan’s moves may now force the US to endorse Burhan as the legitimate leader of Sudan’s transition period, or lose out in influencing events there.

The US has tried several times to push the warring parties, the Sudan Armed Forces (Saf) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) to pursue peace. They haven’t and the SAF recently dodged an invitation to Geneva for the latest round, accusing organisers of inviting unwanted guests such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE) whom the Saf accuse of backing RSF.

At the UN Security Council, however, the UAE, currently a non-permanent member said there won’t be a military solution in Sudan.

“An immediate and permanent ceasefire, unhindered access to humanitarian aid, and a return to a civilian-led government in Sudan are desperately needed, the UAE said on September 11.

“There is no military solution to this conflict. The warring parties must come to the negotiating table to end this devastating conflict.”

This month, Burhan is expected to make his second address to the UN General Assembly, the annual ritual where world leaders arrive in New York to give speeches at the global body. Yet there are calls from the UN and international human rights organisations to extend the mandate of the fact-finding mission in Sudan, because the situation in the country is witnessing a significant escalation in humanitarian violations.

During the session reviewing the mission’s report, held on Tuesday, September 10, the discussions highlighted the importance of continuing the mission’s work to address the worsening humanitarian and rights crisis.

The session reviewing the fact-finding mission’s report on Tuesday, September 10, featured extensive discussions within the Human Rights Council, with varied positions on the future of the mission. While some blocs and representatives of the Sudanese civil society called for extending the mission to continue its investigations, the Sudanese government requested its termination.

The mission’s report stated that the Sudanese government had not responded to four visit requests from the mission’s team, which hindered the completion of their investigations.

The report recommended an investigation by the International Criminal Court into the crimes committed, in addition to deploying peacekeeping forces to protect civilians due to the extensive violations committed by both sides in the conflict, including killings, arrests, torture, and internet blackouts.

On Wednesday, the UN Security Council adopted a resolution extending sanctions against Sudan until September 2025. Robert Wood, the US Deputy Representative for Political Affairs at the UN, stated that these sanctions aim to limit arms transfers to Darfur and penalise individuals and entities contributing to destabilising activities.

General Yasser Al-Atta, Assistant Commander-in-Chief of the Sudan Armed Forces elicited widespread reactions. He confirmed that Abdel Fattah al-Burhan will remain the head of state with full sovereign powers even after several electoral terms. Al-Atta’s comments indicate the army’s intention to maintain political control, even amid upcoming elections.

These statements are seen as part of al-Burhan’s effort to gain international legitimacy by reinforcing his role as a key leader, despite both international and domestic pressures. Observers believe that this stance reflects a desire to ensure the continuity of political control, which could complicate the prospects for peaceful resolutions and further entrench the current situation.

Moreover, some observers suggest that these remarks might be an attempt by al-Burhan to enhance his domestic political position and strengthen his standing with international powers, seeking international support and legitimacy amidst increasing criticism of Sudan’s human rights situation.

At the same time, these statements might exacerbate internal tensions by inflaming political discord and generating mixed reactions among various factions within Sudan.

This position reflects deep political tensions within the country, as the ongoing conflict between the army and the Rapid Support Forces could undermine the chances of reaching an effective political settlement and increase the humanitarian suffering of millions of Sudanese enduring the ongoing conflict.

The next session of the Human Rights Council is expected to conclude on October 10, with a vote scheduled on the resolution to extend the fact-finding mission’s mandate before the session ends. 

Turkey mediation talks between Somalia and Ethiopia postponed indefinitely

Mohamed Hatem
Source: ahramonline, Monday September 16, 2024

Türkiye’s Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan speaks during a joint press conference with his Egyptian counterpart, in Cairo on August 5, 2024. AFP

The third phase of the Ankara Process mediation talks between Somalia and Ethiopia, initially set for 2 September and rescheduled to 17 September, has been postponed indefinitely with no future date set, according to Turkiye Today.

Although no official reason was given for the delay, it follows comments by Somalia’s Foreign Minister Ahmed Moalim Fiqi, who suggested that Somalia might consider supporting Ethiopian rebel groups if Ethiopia proceeds with its controversial agreement with Somaliland.

Signed in January 2024, the deal involves Ethiopia recognising Somaliland’s secession in exchange for leasing 20 kilometres (12 miles) of coastline for 50 years.

This would provide Ethiopia, one of the world’s largest landlocked countries, with long-sought-after access to the sea.

However, Somalia views the agreement as an infringement on its sovereignty and has warned of possible drastic measures.

“The option to have contacts with armed rebels in Ethiopia or rebels that are fighting against the Ethiopian regime – if it continues this, to have contact with them is an option open to Somalia,” Fiqi said.

The delay in the mediation talks may also be linked to Egypt’s recent deployment of troops to Somalia, some sources told Turkiye Today.

On 14 August, Egyptian President Abdel-Fattah El-Sisi and Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud witnessed the signing of a military cooperation protocol between their countries.

Despite the delay, the Ankara Process, designed to foster dialogue between Somalia and Ethiopia, continues to receive strong backing from Türkiye, with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan actively working to ease tensions between the two nations.

Somaliland is not recognised by Egypt which has repeatedly asserted its firm position in supporting Somalia’s unity and sovereignty over its territories.

The United States, the European Union, China, the African Union, and the Arab League have all urged Ethiopia to respect Somalia’s sovereignty.

IGAD Executive Secretary visits Mogadishu to strengthen cooperation and discuss key regional issues

Source: Hiiraan Online, Monday September 16, 2024

Mogadishu (HOL) — The Executive Secretary of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), Workneh Gebeyehu, arrived in Mogadishu on Monday to hold high-level meetings with Somali leaders.

Somalia’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ahmed Moallin Fiqi, and other officials welcomed the delegation at Aden Adde Airport as the IGAD delegation’s visit aims to enhance cooperation between IGAD and Somalia, focusing on key issues such as regional security, climate change, and the establishment of a Blue Economy Centre of Excellence in Somalia.

Somalia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs confirmed that the discussions would also address other regional development initiatives, as both sides look to strengthen ties in various sectors.

The visit comes just a day after Ethiopia, South Sudan, and Djibouti signed a new agreement on restructuring the IGAD Regional Organization, signaling a renewed commitment to regional collaboration.

Egypt, Eritrea pledge support for Somalia’s unity, Sudan’s stability

Source: Daily News Egypt, Sunday September 15, 2024



Head of Egypt’s General Intelligence Service, Abbas Kamel (second on the left), and the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Badr Abdelatty (second on the right), visited Asmara on Sept. 14, 2024, and met with Eritrean President Isaias Afwerki (middle).

During their meeting, both sides agreed on the importance of intensifying efforts and continuing consultations to achieve stability in Sudan an support its national institutions. They also emphasized the importance of preserving the unity of Somalia and its sovereignty over its entire territory.

During the meeting, Kamel and Abdelatty delivered a message from Egyptian President Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi to President Afwerki. The message focused on strengthening and developing bilateral relations between the two countries in all areas, as well as discussing regional political and security developments.
The Egyptian officials also heard Afwerki’s views on the situation in the Red Sea, with a focus on the need to create favourable conditions for restoring normal maritime traffic and international trade through the Bab el-Mandeb Strait. They also discussed developments in the Horn of Africa and the challenges facing the region, as well as ways to enhance security and stability.

The visit comes as Somalia has been locked in a dispute with Ethiopia over the latter’s involvement in the African Union Support Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM) and the illegal memorandum of understanding (MoU) signed between Ethiopia and Somalia’s region of Somaliland .

The illegal MoU grants Ethiopia access to 20 kilometers of the Red Sea coastline in exchange for potential recognition of Somaliland’s independence. Somalia has condemned the MoU as a violation of its sovereignty and territorial integrity.

Somalia has rejected Ethiopian involvement in AUSSOM, arguing that the host country should have the final say in member selection.
Somalia has received support from its allies, including Egypt and Djibouti, who have expressed concern about the Ethiopian government’s involvement in the peacekeeping mission.

Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud has also received support from Eritrean President Afwerki, who affirmed his support for Mogadishu’s unity and territorial integrity.

Ethiopia’s Tigray Region Slow to Recover

 Source:: World Politics Review published on 12 September 2024 an article titled “Two Years Later, Tigray’s Post-War Recovery Still Hasn’t Begun” by Fred Harter, freelance journalist based in Addis Ababa.

The humanitarian situation in Tigray Region remains dire and no agreement has been reached on the future of Western Tigray, which remains under the control of Amhara militia.  Eritrean troops are still inside Tigray’s border.  Tigray faces a political crisis with rival Tigray People’s Liberation Front factions jostling for power.

The U.S. “working with partners” resolve Ethiopia-Somalia tension

Source_borkena-com, Saturday September 14, 2024

Citizens reports on social media from sources with Mogadishu to Mogadishu seem to suggest that the Hassan Sheik Mohmmed government is taking a more radical stance against Ethiopia and even moving in the direction of making claims of Ethiopian territory in Ogaden as part of Somalia.

But the U.S. is reportedly expressing optimism that the tension will be resolved diplomatically. According to the VOA Amharic report, the United States is working with its partners (unspecified) in that direction.

Richard Riley, U.S. Ambassador to Somalia, cited as saying “in the current situation his country is working in collaboration with others in search of a diplomatic solution.”

According to the Ambassador, the U.S. and its partners are approaching the Federal government in Somalia and the government in Addis Ababa.

The Ambassador also made a reference to the Turkish initiated talks between Ethiopia and Somalia. “The next one will be started in a few days, ” he said.

Asked if the situation could lead the two countries (Ethiopia and Somalia) to war,  the Ambassador said “no.”  He added “let alone war, no one accepts the chance for the outbreak of any conflict. That is why the international community and all are relentlessly working to resolve the issue. The effort of the United States is to find a solution for the situation between Ethiopia and Somalia. ”

From the VOA Amharic report, it seems that the United States wants the resolution of the tension between the two countries quickly. “The absolutely necessary issue is this. It should happen quickly and now,”  Ambassador  Richard H. Riley is quoted as saying.

Last month, Somalia signed a defense pact with Egypt, which is deploying 10,000 troops in Somalia. There were reports in social media this week that Ethiopian forces controlled some airports in Somalia but the Ethiopian government has not confirmed or denied it

Somalia and Ethiopia have a history of conflict and hostility. The recent one developed in January 2024 when Ethiopia and Somaliland signed a memorandum of understanding.

The arrangement was for Ethiopia to get access to 20 kilometers of coastal land for maritime and commercial purposes on a fifty year rental basis. In return, Ethiopia is to recognize Somaliland – a breakaway region that existed as a de facto state for over 33 years – as an independent state.

The finalization of the arrangement was meant to be completed within one month after the MoU agreement. It took longer than that.   

Somaliland authorities this week announced the agreement is finalized but it is not made public.

Sweden to offer $34,000 for refugees, including Somalis, to return home

Source: Hiiraan Online, Friday September 13, 2024



STOCKHOLM, Sweden (HOL) — Sweden will offer up to $34,000 to refugees, including Somalis, as part of a new policy to reduce its migrant population and addressing challenges with integration. The financial assistance will be available to refugees who voluntarily return to their home countries, marking a significant shift in Sweden’s migration policy.

The new measure, which will take effect in 2026, will provide up to 350,000 Swedish kronor (about $34,000) to refugees who choose to return to their countries of origin. The move is supported by the anti-immigration Sweden Democrats party, which has been advocating for stricter immigration controls.

“We are undergoing a major change in our migration policy,” said Johan Forssell, Sweden’s Minister for Migration, during a press briefing. The policy is part of the government’s broader strategy to curtail immigration.

The financial assistance for returning refugees currently stands at 10,000 kronor per adult, 5,000 kronor per child, and 40,000 kronor per family. This increase aims to make the program more appealing, as it has seen little use in the past, with only one individual accepting the offer last year, according to the Swedish government.

Ludvig Aspling, a member of the Sweden Democrats, said the financial assistance, which has been in place since 1984, has been underutilized due to its low profile. “If more people are aware of the grant, and with the increased amount, we expect more will return,” he said. Aspling believes this could encourage several hundred thousand long-term unemployed migrants to return to their home countries. “This could be an incentive for several hundred thousand migrants who rely on government assistance,” Aspling said.

However, Kaahin Mohamed Ahmed, a Somali community activist, expressed doubts about the program’s effectiveness. Speaking to the BBC, Ahmed argued that the amount offered would not be enough for many Somali refugees to establish a stable life back home.

“For a Somali returning to Somalia, $35,000 won’t go very far. Just building a modest four-bedroom house costs at least $60,000, and families still need money for living expenses, education, and healthcare,” said Ahmed. He added that if the financial support is sufficient to start a business or build a home, the policy is likely to see widespread success.

Sweden has long struggled to integrate its immigrant population. Migration researcher Joakim Ruist warned that increasing financial assistance for returning migrants could send a message that immigrants are unwelcome, further complicating integration efforts.

Ahmed pointed out that refugees have made significant contributions to Sweden’s economy and society. “Eighty percent of the drivers in public transportation, including trains, buses, and taxis, are of refugee origin. One in five doctors and one in four dentists are also from refugee backgrounds,” Ahmed said, adding that many refugees work in essential services like healthcare and sanitation.

Sweden’s new return incentive follows similar policies in neighbouring countries. Denmark offers more than $15,000 per person, while Norway provides about $1,400, France $2,800, and Germany $2,000 to migrants who voluntarily return to their countries.

Swedish Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson, who took office in 2022, leads a coalition government that includes the Sweden Democrats. His government has vowed to implement more stringent immigration laws and crack down on crime.

The Sweden Democrats, who secured 20.5% of the vote in the 2022 elections, have become Sweden’s second-largest political party, pushing for more stringent immigration policies.

Since the 1970s, Sweden has been known for its humanitarian policies and has taken in large numbers of refugees from conflict zones such as Somalia, Syria, Afghanistan, and Iraq. In 2015, at the height of Europe’s migration crisis, Sweden accepted 160,000 asylum seekers, more than any other European Union country at the time.

However, the influx of refugees has put pressure on Sweden’s welfare system and widened economic inequality, especially as unemployment rates among immigrants have remained high. The 2015 crisis marked a turning point in Sweden’s immigration policy, with the then-ruling Social Democratic Party acknowledging that the country could no longer maintain its open-door approach.

In recent years, both left- and right-wing governments have enacted measures to control immigration, including introducing temporary residence permits, tightening family reunification rules, and raising income requirements for work visas for non-EU citizens.

Sudan Rejects Call for International Force to Protect Civilians

 Source: The BBC published on 8 September 2024 an article titled “Sudan Rejects UN Call for Peace Force to Protect Civilians” by Farouk Chothia.

Sudan’s military-led government has rejected in its “entirety” a call by a UN fact finding mission for the deployment of an international force to protect civilians from the effects of the ongoing civil war.  The paramilitary Rapid Support Forces has not commented on the request.  

Qabyaaladdu asal ahaan waa jaahilnimo, cadawga, sunta, kansarka, cudurka koowaad

ee qof kasta Somali ah halis weyn ku haya.

Qabyaaladdu waa jaahilnimo, burburinta, ciribtirka  jiritaanka Somalinimada iyo mustaqbalka qof Kasta oo Somali ah  meel kasta oo uu ku nolooyahay aduunka. Sidaas darteed, waxaa waajiib ku ah qof kastoo Somali ah inuu qayb weyn ka qaato ciribtirka CUDURKA  KANSARKA QABYAALADDA oo ah cadawga kowaad ee mustaqbalka qof kasta oo Somali ah iyo jiritaanka mustabalkiisa. Horumar ma jiri doono inta kansarka qabyaaladda  la’aaminsan yahay.

Somali UN envoy urges AU troops to adhere to international law, respect territorial integrity

Source: Hiiraan Online, Tuesday September 10, 2024

UNITED NATIONS (HOL) — Somalia’s Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Abukar Dahir Osman, has called on African Union troop-contributing countries to follow international law and respect Somalia’s territorial integrity strictly.

Speaking at a United Nations Security Council meeting, Osman stressed that foreign military actions should align with regional frameworks to avoid destabilizing the country.
Osman highlighted that failure to respect Somalia’s territorial integrity could be seen as aggression, potentially endangering the country’s stability. He also emphasized the need for adequate funding to sustain peacekeeping operations, which are crucial for Somalia’s long-term security.

While Osman did not name specific countries, political analysts suggest his remarks were directed at Ethiopia. The Somali government has previously stated that Ethiopian forces will not be part of the new peacekeeping mission that is set to replace the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) by December 2024. Instead, Somalia has expressed interest in involving Egyptian troops in the new mission.

Relations between Somalia and Ethiopia have soured recently, particularly after Ethiopia signed a contentious agreement with Somaliland in January, giving the landlocked country access to Somaliland’s coastline. Somalia views the deal as a violation of its sovereignty.

Egyptian, Emirati FMs discuss regional crises, economic cooperation

By Noha El Tawil
Source: egypttoday, Tuesday September 10, 2024

Press Photo

Minister of Foreign Affairs, Immigration and Egyptian Expats Badr Abdelatty met Sunday with his Emirati counterpart Sheikh Abdullah Bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Abu Dhabi.

The meeting was also attended by UAE’s State Minister for African Affairs Sheikh Shakhbout Bin Nahyan and Special Envoy to the EU Ambassador Lana Nassiba, and Egyptian Ambassador Sherif Eissa.
The Egyptian minister lauded the growing relations in various fields, as well as increased coordination and consultation between the two countries on regional and international affairs of joint concern. He equally expressed appreciation for the Emirati keenness on supporting Egypt’s development efforts in a way that fulfills common interests. Hence, Abdelatty expressed aspiration for more collaboration on investment and trade.

Equally, the minister stressed the salience of intensifying coordination and political consultation. That is in addition to holding new sessions of the joint economic committee and the Egyptian-Emirati business forum.

Further, the two ministers tackled updates of the Gaza War so as Abdelatty noted that Egypt was still contacting all concerned parties to inhibit escalation, more confrontations and violence, preserving the region’s security and stability.

Minister Abdelatty similarly underscored Egypt’s fixed stance on the safety of Lebanon, stipulating the importance of joint work to avoid the implication of the country in a prolonged war with Israel.

The talks further covered the Sudanese crisis and possible solutions, circumstances in Libya, situation in Horn of Africa and Somalia, and security threats in the Red Sea which require concerting more efforts among the countries lying on its shores to preserve their interests and national security.

Biden extends sanctions on Ethiopia’s conflict amid ongoing instability in the Horn of Africa

Source: Hiiraan Online, Monday September 9, 2024


FILE – President Joe Biden signs the Emergency Reparation Assistance for Returning Americans Act, Tuesday, August 31, 2021, in the Oval Office of the White House. (Official White House Photo by Adam Schultz)

Mogadishu (HOL) — U.S. President Joe Biden has extended sanctions targeting individuals and groups involved in Ethiopia’s ongoing conflict, continuing a national emergency order that was set to expire on September 17, 2024. The sanctions, authorized under Executive Order 14046, will remain in effect for another year, following Biden’s decision to address what he described as an ongoing threat to U.S. national security and foreign policy interests.

In a statement released Thursday, Biden said the instability in northern Ethiopia and the broader Horn of Africa region continues to threaten regional peace and security. “The situation in and in relation to northern Ethiopia… poses an unusual and extraordinary threat,” Biden stated, reinforcing the need to maintain the sanctions initially imposed in 2021.

The order grants the U.S. government authority to impose punitive measures on individuals and entities from Ethiopia, Eritrea, the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), and the Amhara regional government. These groups were identified as key players in the conflict that escalated during the Tigray War, which devastated the region and resulted in mass displacement and humanitarian crises.

The U.S. previously imposed visa restrictions and economic sanctions in May 2021, targeting officials from both Ethiopia and Eritrea as the violence worsened. Biden’s latest extension underscores concerns over the ongoing instability despite a peace agreement signed between the Ethiopian government and the TPLF in November 2022.

Although the peace deal marked a step forward, tensions quickly flared in the Amhara region, where conflict has intensified over the government’s attempts to disband local insurgent groups, particularly Fano militias. The resurgence of violence has further strained the Ethiopian government’s efforts to stabilize the country.

The extension of the national emergency order will be officially published in the Federal Register and sent to Congress as part of the legal process to maintain sanctions for another year.

Ethiopian troops reportedly seize airports in Somalia’s Gedo region as tensions rise

Source: Hiiraan Online, Tuesday September 10, 2024

FILE PHOTO

Mogadishu (HOL) — Ethiopian forces have reportedly taken control of key airports in Somalia’s Gedo region, including Luuq, Dolow, and Bardhere, amid rising tensions following reports that the Somali federal government plans to deploy Egyptian troops near the Ethiopian The deployment of Ethiopian forces has sparked concern among local militia groups, who are reportedly mobilizing in response. This escalation comes as Ethiopian troops are scheduled to withdraw from Somalia by December 2024, when the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) is set to expire.

Plans are currently underway for a new AU-led peacekeeping mission to replace ATMIS. Notably, Somalia has signaled that it will not include Ethiopian forces in the new mission, opting instead for Egyptian involvement.

Tensions between Mogadishu and Addis Ababa have worsened since Ethiopia struck a controversial deal in January with Somaliland, which declared independence from Somalia. The agreement grants Ethiopia access to Somaliland’s coastline, including the potential establishment of a naval base. Somalia, which considers Somaliland part of its territory, condemned the deal as a violation of its sovereignty.

Ethiopia Releases 7 Oromo Liberation Front Prisoners

 Source: The Voice of America published on 5 September 2024 an article titled “Ethiopia Releases Opposition Politicians from Prison” by Tsehay Damtew.

Ethiopia released this week 7 Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) members who have been in prison since 2020.   The United States welcomed the release of the OLF prisoners.

The Many Faces of Ethiopia’s Abiy Ahmed

 Source: Foreign Policy published on 6 September 2024 an essay titled “The Many Faces of Abiy Ahmed” by Tom Gardner, Africa correspondent for The Economist.

This essay is adapted from the book published in 2024 and titled The Abiy Project: God, Power and War in the New Ethiopia by Tom Gardner.  The author argues there are many Abiy Ahmeds: the aspiring emperor longing for a glorious past, a forward-looking modernizer, a Pentecostal Putin both pragmatic and Machiavellian, a Christian nationalist, and a corporate CEO.  Abiy is convinced he was sent by God to rule Ethiopia. 

Ethiopian military chief criticizes Somali leaders, vows to counter threats to national development

Source: Saturday September 7, 2024

Jigjiga (HOL) — Ethiopian National Defence Forces (ENDF) Commander Field Marshal Birhanu Jula has vowed that Ethiopian troops are prepared to defend the nation’s sovereignty and counter any potential threats, accusing Somali leaders of collaborating with Ethiopia’s adversaries.

The commander made the remarks during the 47th-anniversary celebration of Ethiopia’s eastern command forces, held in Jigjiga, Somali regional state this week.

Field Marshal Birhanu warned against what he called “historical enemies” aiming to hinder Ethiopia’s development, with the support of internal mercenaries and traitors.

He emphasized the military’s ongoing commitment to regional peace, particularly in Somalia, where Ethiopian troops have been involved in anti-terrorist operations.

Diplomatic tensions between Somalia and Ethiopia have been escalating since Ethiopia signed a controversial deal in January to lease 20 kilometers of Somaliland’s coastline in exchange for recognition of Somaliland’s independence. Mogadishu has condemned the agreement as a violation of its territorial sovereignty and retaliated by expelling the Ethiopian ambassador and threatening to remove Ethiopian troops stationed in Somalia.

The situation was further complicated by recent reports that Egypt delivered weapons to Somalia under a defense agreement. Ethiopia views the growing cooperation between Somalia and Egypt as a major threat, particularly given Egypt’s concerns over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) and water rights on the Nile.

UN Fact Finding Mission Calls for Neutral Force to Defend Civilians in Sudan

Source: The United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights published on 6 September 2024 a press release titled “Sudan: UN Fact-Finding Mission Outlines Extensive Human Rights Violations, International Crimes, Urges Protection of Civilians.” 

The three experts from Tanzania, Nigeria, and Jordan/Switzerland found an appalling range of human rights violations and international crimes in Sudan and called for immediate steps to protect civilians.  The experts were especially critical of the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces.  They underscored the need to expand the arms embargo in Darfur and the immediate need to create “an independent and impartial force with a mandate to safeguard civilians.”

The Associated Press published on 6 September 2024 an article titled “UN Investigators Urge Impartial Force as Sudan War Crimes Intensify.” 

The article reports on the UN Fact-Finding Mission press release but points out that the experts did not specify which countries are complicit in war crimes nor suggest which countries might join a neutral force to protect civilians in Sudan.

Somaliland vows to move ahead with Ethiopia naval deal despite Somalia’s objections

Source; Hiiraan Online, Friday September 6, 2024

Bihi defies Somalia in pushing naval deal with Ethiopia


Somaliland President Muse Bihi Abdi addresses a crowd at the Kulmiye Party rally in Tog-Wajaale, reaffirming his commitment to the Ethiopia naval base agreement despite mounting opposition from Somalia and international pressure. CREDIT/ Laasgeel Media

Hargeisa (HOL) — Somaliland’s government remains committed to a controversial agreement with Ethiopia to lease part of its coastline for a naval base despite mounting opposition from Somalia and increasing international criticism.

Speaking to a crowd of hundreds in Tog-Wajaale, President Muse Bihi Abdi vowed the deal would move forward, dismissing attempts to block the agreement.

“The MoU will be implemented. That is a certainty. To those trying to derail it, let them do as they please.”

In dismissing Somalia’s fierce opposition, Bihi added that Somaliland’s interests remain his top priority, and the region will not be a battleground for Egyptian interests. “To those in Mogadishu who have brought in Egyptian troops, I say this: you cannot claim to unite Somalis while allying with Egypt to undermine Somaliland.”

He also pointed to opposition from Somalis of Kenyan and Ethiopian descent, accusing them of undermining the Somaliland-Ethiopia agreement. He suggested that these individuals should focus on the affairs of their respective countries. 

The contentious agreement, signed on January 1, 2024, grants Ethiopia access to a 20-kilometer stretch of Somaliland’s coast along the Gulf of Aden. In return, Somaliland expects Ethiopia to recognize its independence, a key component of Somaliland’s ongoing campaign for international recognition since declaring itself independent from Somalia in 1991.

For Ethiopia, a landlocked nation with a population exceeding 120 million, access to the sea is a strategic goal. Since Eritrea’s secession in 1993, Ethiopia has relied heavily on Djibouti for its maritime trade. Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed has long sought to diversify Ethiopia’s access to ports, describing it as paramount for future growth.

Under the MoU, Ethiopia plans to establish a naval base and port in Somaliland, giving the country greater control over trade routes and reducing dependence on Djibouti’s port facilities. Ethiopian officials have consistently defended the agreement, stating that it aligns with Ethiopia’s long-term interests.

Somaliland President Muse Bihi Abdi has been unwavering in his defence of the agreement in the face of intense regional and international opposition, framing it as crucial for Somaliland’s quest for independence and regional security. Bihi repeatedly stated that Ethiopia’s presence would secure navigation in the Gulf of Aden, a strategic waterway that is plagued by instability.

“The MoU will be implemented without question,” Bihi said in a speech earlier this year. “This agreement is a fundamental step towards Somaliland’s independence and will help protect key shipping routes in the Gulf of Aden.”

Bihi called the MoU a historic step in Somaliland’s journey toward statehood and highlighted the potential economic benefits, mainly through foreign investment in Berbera port, which is already undergoing significant expansion with funding from the UAE’s DP World.

Somalia has vehemently opposes the MoU, calling it an infringement on its sovereignty. Mogadishu maintains that Somaliland is part of Somalia and that the central government must approve any agreements involving Somaliland.

President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud has made blocking the MoU a national priority. In January, Somalia recalled its ambassador to Ethiopia and labelled the agreement “illegal.” Protests erupted in Mogadishu, with demonstrators denouncing the deal as violating Somalia’s territorial integrity. Somalia has since called for international bodies, including the African Union and the United Nations, to intervene.

The deal has also drawn concern from regional powers, including Egypt, which is locked in a long-standing dispute with Ethiopia over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on the Nile River. Egypt views the MoU as a threat to its strategic interests in the region and has increased its military presence in Somalia. While Ethiopia is “alarmed” the prospect of having Egyptian troops next door.

In August 2024, Egypt delivered military equipment and troops to Somalia under a defence pact signed earlier in the year. This development has heightened tensions between Ethiopia and Somalia, with Ethiopia warning that Egypt’s involvement could further destabilize the Horn of Africa.

Somaliland’s government has dismissed Egypt’s opposition. In a statement, Somaliland’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs called Egypt’s criticisms “inaccurate and misleading.” 

China, Somalia elevate diplomatic ties to strategic partnership

CGTN
Source: CGTN, Saturday September 7, 2024

Chinese President Xi Jinping holds talks with Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, China, September 6, 2024. /Xinhua

Chinese President Xi Jinping and Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud announced the elevation of China-Somalia relations to a strategic partnership on Friday. Mohamud is in Beijing for the 2024 Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC).

Xi pointed out that Somalia was the first East African country to establish diplomatic relations with China, and the friendship between China and Somalia has stood the test of time. He said China is willing to work with Somalia to uphold the original intention of their diplomatic ties and achieve more new results in their bilateral relationship, bringing greater benefits to the peoples of both countries.

The Chinese president also emphasized that both China and Somalia shoulder the historical mission of achieving complete national reunification. China supports Somalia in safeguarding its national sovereignty and territorial integrity, as well as in its peace and development process, he said, and both sides should firmly support each other on issues concerning their core interests and major concerns.

Xi added that China is willing to continue supporting Somalia’s economic and social development, explore the potential for cooperation and expand development opportunities. Taking the FOCAC summit as an opportunity, China will strengthen cooperation with Somalia in areas such as trade, fisheries and human resources training, the president said, and China will also continue providing funding for international peacekeeping operations in Somalia and support Somalia in enhancing its self-reliance in development, counter-terrorism and stability.

He congratulated Somalia on its election as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and its formal membership in the East African Community, and expressed China’s willingness to strengthen multilateral cooperation with Somalia to uphold international justice.

Mohamud highly praised the major global initiatives proposed by Xi, the concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind, and the important measures announced at the summit to jointly advance the modernization of China and Africa. He expressed confidence that under Xi’s leadership, China will become a great modern socialist country in all respects, while also leading Africa and the world toward common development.

He thanked China for its valuable support in helping Somalia safeguard its national sovereignty and territorial integrity, as well as for assisting in its economic development, and expressed Somalia’s firm adherence to the one-China principle.

During the summit, China and Somalia signed cooperation agreements in fields such as broadcasting and television.